October 6th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:

यथैवात्मा तथा पुत्रः पुत्रेण दुहिता समा ।

तस्यामात्मनि तिष्ठन्त्यां कथमन्यो धनं हरेत् ॥

- मनुस्मृति

Transliteration:

yathaivātmā tathā putraḥ putreṇa duhitā samā ।

tasyāmātmani tiṣṭhantyāṃ kathamanyo dhanaṃ haret ॥

- manusmṛti

Meaning of the subhAShita:

As is oneself, so is his son.  As is a son, so is a daughter.  When a daughter, an apparent existence of oneself is present, how can others snatch her inheritance? 

Commentary:

Equality in everything!  A son is no less than his father. A daughter stands on equal footing with her brother. Thus, a daughter holds the same value as her father. When she is present, how can someone else dare claim what is rightfully hers?!

In a just world, the passing of parents should mark the beginning of equality among siblings, not bigotry. Everything they leave behind, such as their wealth and legacy should be shared equally amongst all children—sons and daughters alike. A mother and father endure no fewer hardships to bring a daughter into the world than they do a son. Their love and effort in raising each child knows no difference based on gender. Yet, in a chauvinistic society still shackled by outdated beliefs, one gender is elevated above the other, leaving the other to fight for what should have been freely given. This bias is so ingrained that it permeates every level of primitive society.

Yet, this verse from a very ancient text of sanātana dharma speaks of a society guided by true dharma, where daughters are given equal standing with sons. In a society rooted in dharma, daughters and sons stand as equals, each entitled to the same share of love, opportunity, and inheritance! Based on gender, no one may seize what belongs to another.

The ancient wisdom of sanātana dharma embodies true empowerment, where women's rights are not an afterthought but an intrinsic truth, woven into the fabric of the culture itself. Sanātana—meaning "ever fresh" or "ever relevant"—reminds us that justice and equality are timeless. Our ancestors built a world where women did not have to clamor for attention or fight for their rights—they were honored as they deserved!

It is time to awaken from a slumber of ignorance and revive the noble ideals they cherished. A society that truly thrives must embrace this truth:

Men's rights are nothing more. Women's rights are nothing less.

pada vigrahaH:

यथा एव आत्मा तथा पुत्रः पुत्रेण दुहिता समा ।

yathā eva ātmā tathā putraḥ putreṇa duhitā samā ।

तस्याम् आत्मनि तिष्ठन्त्यां कथम् अन्यः धनं हरेत् ॥

tasyām ātmani tiṣṭhantyāṃ katham anyaḥ dhanaṃ haret ॥

Alternate Transliteration:

yathaivaatmaa tathaa putraH putreNa duhitaa samaa |

tasyaamaatmani tiShThantyaaM kathamanyo dhanaM haret ||

- manusmRuti

yathaa eva aatmaa tathaa putraH putreNa duhitaa samaa |

tasyaam aatmani tiShThantyaaM katham anyaH dhanaM haret ||

September 26th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:

ऋणानुबन्धरूपेण पशुपत्नीसुतालयाः ।

ऋणक्षये क्षयं यान्ति तत्र का परिदेवना ॥

- महासुभाषितसङ्ग्रह

Transliteration:

ṛṇānubandharūpeṇa paśupatnīsutālayāḥ । 

ṛṇakṣaye kṣayaṃ yānti kā tatra paridevanā ॥

- mahāsubhāṣitasaṅgraha

Meaning of the subhAShita:

As per his ṛṇā (indebtedness), he gets his cattle, spouse, children, and home.  As the ṛṇā diminishes, they get razed too.  Then what is there to lament about?! 

Commentary:

It is often said that "marriages are made in heaven," yet the celestial realm orchestrates far more than mere unions. The children we cherish, the homes we build, and the animals that grace our lives—are all intertwined in a tapestry of predestined connections. Each relationship, each jīva  (loosely translated as soul) that crosses our path, arrives for a reason, a season, or a lifetime.

This reflection speaks to the enduring nature of lifetime relationships, the bonds for which we owe a debt that transcends our current existence. These connections, woven through the fabric of previous lives, create a mutual indebtedness between souls—what the ancients referred to as ṛṇā.

Unlike financial debt, which can be quantified and settled with precision, ṛṇā represents a complex web of ties that cannot be easily measured or understood. It encompasses a multitude of parameters, extending beyond the grasp of human intellect. The notion that our relationships are forged in the heavens speaks of the profound interconnectedness of our souls and the intricate accounts of our pasts.

As a soul navigates life, it is born carrying these ṛṇā-s, and as time passes, it begins to exhaust them. When these debts are fully settled, the jīva will exit, a cycle ordained by the universe itself. In light of this divine order, the poet muses: what is there to lament over the loss of a spouse, a child, or a beloved pet?! For that matter, even the place we live in and for how long is also predestined.  While this truth offers comfort, it is essential to acknowledge that grief is an undeniable part of our human experience.

Letting go of what is lost is, perhaps, the greatest challenge one faces. One must learn to release attachment to physical existence while preserving the love that binds him to those who have departed. Time, the greatest healer, gently guides us through this process, allowing understanding to pave the way for healing.

However, the irony lies in our assumption that we have abundant time. We never know how many moments remain. This uncertainty serves as a touching reminder to cherish every day and to never take anything or anyone for granted.  After all, life is not merely a destination but a journey in itself.  We must honor the bonds we share and cherish a wholesome life.

Live well, love well, and laugh much!

pada vigrahaH:

ऋण-अनुबन्ध-रूपेण पशु-पत्नी-सुत-आलयाः ।

ṛṇa-anubandha-rūpeṇa paśu-patnī-suta-ālayāḥ।

ऋण-क्षये क्षयं यान्ति तत्र का परिदेवना ॥

ṛṇa-kṣaye kṣayaṃ yānti tatra kā paridevanā॥

Alternate Transliteration:

RuNaanubandharUpeNa pashupatnIsutaalayaaH । 

RuNakShaye kShayaM yaanti tatra kaa paridevanaa ॥

- mahaasubhaaShitasa~ngraha

RuNa-anubandha-rUpeNa pashu-patnI-suta-aalayaaH । 

RuNa-kShaye kShayaM yaanti tatra kaa paridevanaa ॥

July 6th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
पितृभिस्ताडितः पुत्रः शिष्यस्तु गुरुशिक्षितः ।
घनाहतं सुवर्णञ्च प्राप्यते जनमण्डनम् ॥

Transliteration:
pitṛbhistāḍitaḥ putraḥ śiṣyastu guruśikṣitaḥ ।
ghanāhataṃ suvarṇañca prāpyate janamaṇḍanam ॥

Meaning of the subhAShita:

A son (child) disciplined by his parents, students trained by a teacher, intensely clobbered gold—all these attain praiseworthiness.   

Commentary:

By nature, children are, curious.  They are curious not just about the world around them but also regarding their boundaries—of what they should or shouldn't do.  Their inquisitive minds want to see how far they can push.  Many times, despite knowing the dos and don'ts, they may still want to try their luck.  At that point, it becomes essential for the parents, teachers, or whoever is their guiding figure, to give them the proper direction.  If the people who must guide the children end up cushioning their follies to avoid making them sad, they would be doing a disservice to them!

As it is said, 'Do not prepare the road for your children; prepare your children for the road!'  When real-life issues strike, better-prepared children will recover sooner even if they fall.

In reality, both parents and teachers strive to imbibe excellence in children.  The sayings go as—पुत्रादिच्छेत् पराजयम् (putrādicchet parājayam) and शिष्यादिच्छेत् पराजयम् (śiṣyādicchet parājayam).  This means that parents desire defeat from their children and gurus yearn for defeat from their students!  In fact, the whole reason why they put so much effort into guiding the youngsters is to see them surpass themselves!

The example given in the verse is that of gold.  Gold, when first mined, is dull and lustreless.  The goldsmith melts it, beats it repeatedly on the anvil, and shapes it.  Only then does it gain its luster as well as value!  Similarly, children who are disciplined and shaped with values from a young age accrue praiseworthy traits that will make them happier adults later.  Hence, it is of paramount importance for parents as well as teachers, to equip their children and students with this quintessential skill.

Discipline is the bridge that connects goals to accomplishments. Be that essential bridge, enabling future generations to achieve their aspirations!

pada vigrahaH:
पितृभिः ताडितः पुत्रः शिष्यः तु गुरु-शिक्षितः ।
pitṛbhiḥ tāḍitaḥ putraḥ śiṣyaḥ tu guru-śikṣitaḥ ।

घन आहतं सुवर्णं च प्राप्यते जन-मण्डनम् ॥
ghana āhataṃ suvarṇaṃ ca prāpyate jana-maṇḍanam ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
pitRubhistaaDitaH putraH shiShyastu gurushikShitaH ।
ghanaahataM suvarNa~ncha praapyate janamaNDanam ॥

pitRubhiH taaDitaH putraH shiShyaH tu guru-shikShitaH ।

ghana aahataM suvarNaM cha praapyate jana-maNDanam ॥

April 29th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
अनिच्छन्तोऽपि विनयं विद्याभ्यासेन बालकाः ।
भेषजेनेव नैरुज्यं प्रापणीयाः प्रयत्नतः ॥
- हरिहरसुभाषित

Transliteration:
anicchanto'pi vinayaṃ vidyābhyāsena bālakāḥ ।
bheṣajeneva nairujyaṃ prāpaṇīyāḥ prayatnataḥ ॥
- hariharasubhāṣita

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Even if not desired, just as a disease (is treated) through medicine, children must be taught humility (and values) through education.

Commentary:

Medicine doesn't always taste good or smell enticing.  But when in sickness, does a person have choices?  Don't his likes and dislikes get put aside in such a circumstance?!  

It is exactly the same scenario when a child's upbringing is at hand.  Just because he has his whims and fancies, a child must not be allowed to go about his demeanor, however he pleases.  It becomes the most primal duty of the parents to inculcate moral values in the child through education.  Acquiring the right knowledge at the right time while growing helps chisel a child into a wonderful adult.

The bitter taste of medicine cannot be the deciding factor for its consumption.  Similarly, the hardships and sacrifices that are part of learning cannot be the deciding factors in whether to discipline a child or not!

pada vigrahaH:
अनिच्छन्तः अपि विनयं विद्या-अभ्यासेन बालकाः ।
anicchantaḥ api vinayaṃ vidyā-abhyāsena bālakāḥ ।

भेषजेन इव नैरुज्यं प्रापणीयाः प्रयत्नतः ॥
bheṣajena iva nairujyaṃ prāpaṇīyāḥ prayatnataḥ ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
anichChanto.pi vinayaM vidyaabhyaasena baalakaaH ।
bheShajeneva nairujyaM praapaNIyaaH prayatnataH ॥
- hariharasubhaaShita

anichChantaH api vinayaM vidyaa-abhyaasena baalakaaH ।

bheShajena iva nairujyaM praapaNIyaaH prayatnataH ॥

February 25th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
स्वर्गो धनं वा धान्यं वा विद्याः पुत्रास्सुखानि च ।
गुरुवृत्त्यनुरोधेन न किञ्चिदपि दुर्लभम् ॥
- रामायण

Transliteration:
svargo dhanaṃ vā dhānyaṃ vā vidyāḥ putrāssukhāni ca ।
guruvṛttyanurodhena na kiñcidapi durlabham ॥
- rāmāyaṇa

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Heaven, wealth, grain (food), knowledge, children, and pleasures—none of these are unattainable for the one who reveres his teacher.

Commentary:

Without gurus, the world would not be where it is today. Even the simplest forms of knowledge—like hunting for food or kindling fire for warmth—have been passed down through generations by teaching. Without this transmission, each generation would be forced to start from scratch, time and time again!

The term “teacher” here extends far beyond the traditional school educator. A person learns from a multitude of sources throughout their life: parents, siblings, grandparents, friends, peers, and even strangers. Sometimes, the most unexpected sources or events in nature can impart profound lessons. For this reason, all sources of learning deserve respect and reverence.

A person who values and respects the knowledge they have gained—and honors those who imparted it—will find their path to progress and prosperity unimpeded. The good wishes and blessings of these teachers become a powerful force, guiding them toward the fulfillment of their aspirations.

Remember your teachers. Honor your teachers. Revere all those who have helped you grow.

pada vigrahaH:
स्वर्गः धनं वा धान्यं वा विद्याः पुत्राः सुखानि च ।
svargaḥ dhanaṃ vā dhānyaṃ vā vidyāḥ putrāḥ sukhāni ca ।

गुरु-वृत्ति अनुरोधेन न किञ्चित् अपि दुर्लभम् ॥
guru-vṛtti anurodhena na kiñcit api durlabham ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
svargo dhanaM vaa dhaanyaM vaa vidyaaH putraassukhaani cha ।
guruvRuttyanurodhena na ki~nchidapi durlabham ॥
- raamaayaNa

svargaH dhanaM vaa dhaanyaM vaa vidyaaH putraaH sukhaani cha ।

guru-vRutti anurodhena na ki~nchit api durlabham ॥

December 31st

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
यद्यदालिखति मनोऽऽशावर्तिकाभिर्हृदयफलके ।
तत्तद्बाल इव विधिर्निभृतं हसित्वा प्रोञ्छति ॥
- सप्‍तशती

Transliteration:
yadyadālikhati mano''śāvartikābhirhṛdayaphalake ।
tattadbāla iva vidhirnibhṛtaṃ hasitvā proñchati ॥
- sap‍taśatī

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Whatever the mind inscribes (paints) on the canvas of the heart with the brushes of desire, fate stealthily (and) smilingly wipes it all out like a little child!

Commentary:

"Man proposes; God disposes!"

Not all desires bloom into fruition, no matter how meticulously one plans or how fervently one hopes. People often paint their hearts with vibrant shades of dreams and expectations, yet it is destiny that holds the ultimate brushstroke. The poet beautifully likens destiny to a mischievous child who stealthily erases those dreams with a playful smile, leaving behind no trace of the effort or longing that preceded it. Destiny, like this child, operates silently and unannounced, altering outcomes as it sees fit.

What does this mean for us? It reminds us that while we can strive with all our might, the final outcome often lies beyond our control. Effort is ours to give, but the results remain in the hands of destiny. Yet, this is not a cause for despair. Often, when a cherished aspiration goes unfulfilled, it is because a higher reason is at play—something better aligned with the greater good. Viewing setbacks through this lens can ease the sting of disappointment.

Effort remains vital, for destiny itself is shaped by the vices and virtues of one's past. Each person is the architect of their fate, building their future through present actions. As someone wisely said, "Fate is nothing but the deeds committed in a prior state of existence."

If we desire better outcomes tomorrow, we must act with integrity and diligence today. Let us set our best foot forward with unwavering faith in the process!

pada vigrahaH:
यत् यत् आलिखति मनः आशा-वर्तिकाभिः हृदय-फलके ।
yat yat ālikhati manaḥ āśā-vartikābhiḥ hṛdaya-phalake ।

तत् तत् बाल इव विधिः निभृतं हसित्वा प्रोञ्छति ॥
tat tat bāla iva vidhiḥ nibhṛtaṃ hasitvā proñchati ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
yadyadaalikhati mano..shaavartikaabhirhRudayaphalake ।
tattadbaala iva vidhirnibhRutaM hasitvaa pro~nChati ॥
- saptashatI

yat yat aalikhati manaH aashaa-vartikaabhiH hRudaya-phalake ।

tat tat baala iva vidhiH nibhRutaM hasitvaa pro~nChati ॥

September 19th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
शत्रोरपि गुणा वाच्याः दोषा वाच्या गुरोरपि ।
सर्वदा सर्वयत्नेन पुत्रे शिष्यवदाचरेत् ॥
- सुभाषितरत्नभाण्डागार


Transliteration:
śatrorapi guṇā vācyāḥ doṣā vācyā gurorapi ।
sarvadā sarvayatnena putre śiṣyavadācaret ॥
- subhāṣitaratnabhāṇḍāgāra

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Merits should be spoken of even in an enemy; wrongdoings are to be pointed out even in a teacher; with all effort, deal with offspring as you would with students.

Commentary:

Some dos and don'ts!

Everyone has their own merits and demerits, even enemies. Just because he is not one's favorite person, doesn't mean his merits should be discounted. Great kings have always admired the valor of other powerful kings, although they were going head to head against each other. The value is given to the merit, not to the person himself.  See the good in everyone!

Follies are follies, whether coming from a layman, a scholar, an uneducated man, or even a teacher. To uphold dharma, the scriptures grant permission to students or youngsters to call out even their educators upon taking a wrong step. Dharma has the last word always! Have the courage and confidence to speak up against wrongdoings.

The responsibility of any parent is to equip their offspring with life-essential skills that are rich with morals and values.  This leads them towards a spiritually rich and peaceful lifestyle. To do that, the parents need to be unbiased while teaching them. Their merits should be rewarded and their follies penalized, just as they would their students. Indulging them at all times will teach them no life lessons. If one wants their offspring to be ready to take on the world as young adults, they need to build that confidence in them while growing up. It can come only when they are dealt with the same way as one would deal with their students—without any attachment! The main goal is to teach them life skills. Such adults make a much more contented, peaceful, and happy society which, in turn, makes the world a much happier place.

Choose the right tool, for the right trade!

pada vigrahaH:
शत्रोः अपि गुणाः वाच्याः दोषाः वाच्याः गुरोः अपि ।
śatroḥ api guṇāḥ vācyāḥ doṣāḥ vācyāḥ guroḥ api ।

सर्वदा सर्व-यत्नेन पुत्रे शिष्यवत् आचरेत् ॥
sarvadā sarva-yatnena putre śiṣyavat ācaret ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
shatrorapi guNaa vaachyaaH doShaa vaachyaa gurorapi ।
sarvadaa sarvayatnena putre shiShyavadaacharet ॥
- subhaaShitaratnabhaaNDaagaara

shatroH api guNaaH vaachyaaH doShaaH vaachyaaH guroH api ।

sarvadaa sarva-yatnena putre shiShyavat aacharet ॥

September 16th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
शनैःशनैर्विनीयन्ते तर्जनैस्तोषणैरपि ।
नवा इवाश्वाः कुशलैः बालाश्चपलचेतसः ॥
- हरिहरसुभाषित


Transliteration:
śanaiḥśanairvinīyante tarjanaistoṣaṇairapi ।
navā ivāśvāḥ kuśalaiḥ bālāścapalacetasaḥ ॥
- hariharasubhāṣita

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Skillful people discipline their agile-minded children slowly and gradually through both reprimands and rewards, (just) as they would, (train) new horses.

Commentary:

Taming a new horse is a skillful job. The trainer handles the new horse with both love and sternness. He talks very lovingly to the horse while feeding and training it. But he gets very stern when the horse does not heed his commands too! It is an integral part of training a horse. A horse trained thus can be handled by anyone later, not just the trainer!

Almost the same rules apply when it comes to raising children. Their minds are agile and nimble by nature. If one has to discipline them, he can not always please them. Their demands might be far from being satiable.  In yielding to their whims and fancies, one cannot bring home a tiger because the child asked and will be upset otherwise!  Children too, must understand that every demand they put forth cannot be met. Showing them that they are loved and cared for is a very essential part of their upbringing. But hugs and kisses are for a later time when they are not being disciplined for their tantrums. 

Raising children is not a 'one rule for all situations' policy. Only then can the child grow up to be a confident adult who can not only take care of himself but also value his values. He will grow up to be a respectful human being, who also respects the thoughts and needs of those around him. Such children become easily compatible with most people later on in their lives. 

Isn't this the cherished treasure children should be left with?!

pada vigrahaH:
शनैः शनैः विनीयन्ते तर्जनैः तोषणैः अपि ।
śanaiḥ śanaiḥ vinīyante tarjanaiḥ toṣaṇaiḥ api ।

नवाः इव अश्वाः कुशलैः बालाः चपल-चेतसः ॥
navāḥ iva aśvāḥ kuśalaiḥ bālāḥ capala-cetasaḥ ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
shanaiHshanairvinIyante tarjanaistoShaNairapi ।
navaa ivaashvaaH kushalaiH baalaashchapalachetasaH ॥
- hariharasubhaaShita

shanaiH shanaiH vinIyante tarjanaiH toShaNaiH api ।

navaaH iva ashvaaH kushalaiH baalaaH chapala-chetasaH ॥

September 13th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
रिक्तपाणिर्नपश्येत राजानं दैवतं गुरुम् ।
दैवज्ञं पुत्रकं मित्रं फलेन फलमादिशेत्॥
Transliteration:
riktapāṇirnapaśyeta rājānaṃ daivataṃ gurum ।
daivajñaṃ putrakaṃ mitraṃ phalena phalamādiśet॥

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Do not go empty-handed to see a king, God, a teacher, an astrologer, a child, or a friend. Invoke fruitfulness with fruit!

Commentary:

There is always a purpose behind visiting someone—it could be love, reverence, devotion, affection, or even fear. Without purpose, one wouldn’t endure the effort or inconvenience of a visit. To make such a visit meaningful, why not begin with a thoughtful gesture? For instance, bringing fruit to offer symbolizes goodwill and respect.

When visiting a king, a deity at a temple, a teacher, an astrologer, a child, or a friend, it is a gracious practice to bring something along. Arriving empty-handed to such places and occasions is often seen as unconventional and uncustomary. Bringing a token of thoughtfulness demonstrates that you cared enough to consider the person even before meeting them. This simple act of consideration can bring happiness to the recipient. Whether it’s a fruit, flower, dish, or snack, the gesture matters more than the gift itself.

A gift should be chosen with care—suiting the recipient—and offered with respect. A wise person values the love and intention behind a gift far more than its material value. Indeed, the way a gift is given carries greater significance than the gift itself.

When giving, give with thoughtfulness. When receiving, embrace the thoughtfulness of the giver!

pada vigrahaH:
रिक्त-पाणिः न पश्येत राजानं दैवतं गुरुम् ।
rikta-pāṇiḥ na paśyeta rājānaṃ daivataṃ gurum ।

दैवज्ञं पुत्रकं मित्रं फलेन फलम् आदिशेत् ॥
daivajñaṃ putrakaṃ mitraṃ phalena phalam ādiśet ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
riktapaaNirnapashyeta raajaanaM daivataM gurum ।
daivaj~naM putrakaM mitraM phalena phalamaadishet ॥

rikta-paaNiH na pashyeta raajaanaM daivataM gurum ।

daivaj~naM putrakaM mitraM phalena phalam aadishet ॥

August 10th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
अहिं नृपञ्च शार्दूलं कीटञ्च बालकं तथा ।
परश्वानञ्च मूर्खञ्च सप्‍त सुप्‍तान्न बोधयेत् ॥
- चाणक्य नीति

Transliteration:
ahiṃ nṛpañca śārdūlaṃ kīṭañca bālakaṃ tathā ।
paraśvānañca mūrkhañca sap‍ta sup‍tānna bodhayet ॥
- cāṇakya nīti

Meaning of the subhAShita:

A snake, king, tiger, insect, child, others' dog, and foolish person too—(these) 7 sleepers should not be woken up (or advised)!

Commentary:

A snake can be poisonous, a king can get angry, a tiger kills, an insect bites, a child cries and somebody else's dog barks at strangers. Waking up any of these is, quite understandably, not a pleasant circumstance. For one's own good, he is better off letting them sleep.

But why the foolish? 'Waking' here doesn't literally mean from a slumber.  Ignorance is equated to darkness as well as sleep.  It is dangerous to wake him because he is arrogant and uninterested in listening to anyone's words. Initiating a conversation with such a person is futile, even if it is for his betterment.  

The minute a foolish person begins to talk, he causes trouble for everyone around him due to his imprudence and absurdity. He asks questions that the wise can not answer. For, he won't accept anything for an answer! He has a closed, blocked mind that is unwilling to accept anyone's view or think logically by himself. Such a person is better left alone so that one does not invite trouble onto himself. 

Keep trouble at bay. Do not trouble the trouble until the trouble troubles you, if not double trouble will trouble you.   

pada vigrahaH:
अहिं नृपं च शार्दूलं कीटं च बालकं तथा ।
ahiṃ nṛpaṃ ca śārdūlaṃ kīṭaṃ ca bālakaṃ tathā ।

पर-श्वानं च मूर्खं च सप्‍त सुप्‍तान् न बोधयेत् ॥
para-śvānaṃ ca mūrkhaṃ ca sap‍ta sup‍tān na bodhayet ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
ahiM nRupa~ncha shaardUlaM kITa~ncha baalakaM tathaa ।
parashvaana~ncha mUrkha~ncha sapta suptaanna bodhayet ॥
- chaaNakya nIti

ahiM nRupaM cha shaardUlaM kITaM cha baalakaM tathaa ।

para-shvaanaM cha mUrkhaM cha sapta suptaan na bodhayet ॥

July 21st

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
किं तया क्रियते धेन्वा या न सूते न दुग्धदा ।
कोऽर्थः पुत्रेण जातेन यो न विद्वान्न भक्तिमान् ॥
- पञ्चतन्त्र, कथामुख


Transliteration:
kiṃ tayā kriyate dhenvā yā na sūte na dugdhadā ।
ko'rthaḥ putreṇa jātena yo na vidvānna bhaktimān ॥
- pañcatantra, kathāmukha

Meaning of the subhAShita:

What shall you do with a cow that neither milks nor bears a calf? What is the use of an offspring who is neither learned nor devoted?!

Commentary:

There is a purpose for everything! A cowherd rears his cattle so that he can milk them or so they can bear calves someday. What is the use of a cow which is neither able to give milk nor bear a calf? All the tending becomes a wasteful effort.

Similarly, there is a certain set of expectations for offspring as well. Every parent wants their children to be learned and cultured. Knowledge makes one humble. The humility thus learnt, carries him through the rough sails of life. 

Arrogance is not an appealing trait. One needs to acknowledge and respect that there is a higher power that works as a driving force in this world. This is shown through devotion. 

Hence, a parent wants his offspring to be learned and devoted. What is the use of a son/daughter who is neither learned nor devoted? Just as a cow that can neither milk nor bear a calf, tending such a child is a futility of effort!

It is easier to build strong children than repair broken adults. Guide them earlier on, so they don't become useless animals!

pada vigrahaH:
किं तया क्रियते धेन्वा या न सूते न दुग्धदा ।
kiṃ tayā kriyate dhenvā yā na sūte na dugdhadā ।

कः अर्थः पुत्रेण जातेन यः न विद्वान् न भक्तिमान् ॥
kaḥ arthaḥ putreṇa jātena yaḥ na vidvān na bhaktimān ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
kiM tayaa kriyate dhenvaa yaa na sUte na dugdhadaa ।
ko.rthaH putreNa jaatena yo na vidvaanna bhaktimaan ॥
- pa~nchatantra, kathaamukha

kiM tayaa kriyate dhenvaa yaa na sUte na dugdhadaa ।

kaH arthaH putreNa jaatena yaH na vidvaan na bhaktimaan ॥

July 8th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
युक्तियुक्तं वचो ग्राह्यं बालादपि शुकादपि ।
अयुक्तमपि न ग्राह्यं साक्षादपि बृहस्पतेः ॥

Transliteration:
yuktiyuktaṃ vaco grāhyaṃ bālādapi śukādapi ।
ayuktamapi na grāhyaṃ sākṣādapi bṛhaspateḥ ॥

Meaning of the subhAShita:

The words conjoined with reason should be cognized (even if coming) from a child or a parrot. Those devoid of reason should not be grasped even if coming from Bṛhaspati (guru of the Gods) (himself).

Commentary:

Children do not have experience. Parrots only repeat what they hear but cannot put those words into practice. However, be it from a child or a parrot, if a valid thought is conveyed,  it can not be discounted or discredited just for the reason that they are inexperienced or do not follow their own words! 

Many times one comes across humans who act like parrots; they speak big words and quote many values, although they do not live up to their own words. Even they should not be discredited, says the poet. If there is an essence in their words, then take those words and incorporate them!

At the same time, if something unreasonable is presented even by someone in the highest seat of honor, do not follow it! Gods being divine, possess good in them. Bṛhaspati, their teacher, obviously would have led them on the right path. But then, even if he says something irrational, do not follow it simply because of his credentials.

Use your own wisdom and judgment. Choose wisely. Take words for their value without worrying about who is speaking those words!

pada vigrahaH:
युक्ति-युक्तं वचः ग्राह्यं बालात् अपि शुकात् अपि ।
yukti-yuktaṃ vacaḥ grāhyaṃ bālāt api śukāt api ।

अ-युक्तम् अपि न ग्राह्यं साक्षात् अपि बृहस्पतेः ॥
a-yuktam api na grāhyaṃ sākṣāt api bṛhaspateḥ ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
yuktiyuktaM vacho graahyaM baalaadapi shukaadapi ।
ayuktamapi na graahyaM saakShaadapi bRuhaspateH ॥

yukti-yuktaM vachaH graahyaM baalaat api shukaat api ।

a-yuktam api na graahyaM saakShaat api bRuhaspateH ॥

July 6th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
भवत्येकस्थले जन्म गन्धस्तेषां पृथक् पृथक् ।
उत्पलस्य मृणालस्य मत्स्यस्य कुमुदस्य च ॥
- सुभाषितरत्नभाण्डागार


Transliteration:
bhavatyekasthale janma gandhasteṣāṃ pṛthak pṛthak ।
utpalasya mṛṇālasya matsyasya kumudasya ca ॥
- subhāṣitaratnabhāṇḍāgāra

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Born in the same place, they (each) smell differently—water lily, lotus root, fish, and night lotus!

Commentary:

A water lily, a night lotus, a lotus root, and a fish are all born in water. Yet, they are vastly different. Their traits and temperaments vary widely—They do not look the same, smell the same, or feel the same! Daylilies and lotuses bloom during the day whereas night lilies and night lotuses bloom at night. Their roots remain underwater while the flowers bloom above. The fish are mobile and consume food as well. They have a completely different smell in comparison to the fragrance of the flowers which are born in the same pond! 

The only similarity among them seems to be their place of birth.  Each of them has a bigger set of attributes unique to them alone!

Likewise, children from the same parents or students of the same teacher cannot be expected to be similar. Perceptions differ based on prior vāsanās and experiences, which are beyond human cognizance. One child may have a keen interest in music while the other is eager to play sports. One may be extremely smart in math, yet the other may be exceptional in art!

Similarly, students taught by the same teacher cannot achieve the same results!  The teacher teaches both at the same time, but it is up to each student as to what he absorbs.  It is just like when the rain pours in an area.  The drops of water on the rock slide off, whereas the droplets that fall on the soil will nourish plants and allow them to grow!  There was no difference in the rain's intensity or composition.  Both the stone and the soil received the same rainwater. Yet their intrinsic natures made their outcomes different.  They are two different objects and just can't be compared to one another.

No matter what color and fragrance they carry, each being has his own place and specialty in this world. No one can substitute for the other! There is the Supreme driving force behind each entity and each belongs exactly where it is!

When two people are born from the same parents and in the same place but are still different, how can we expect everyone in the world to think and work alike?!  People come into one's life for a reason, a season, or a lifetime. When he figures out which one it is he will know exactly what to do. Value each person for themselves. Each one comes with his own flaws and strengths. Appreciate them for their good qualities and overlook their shortcomings.

pada vigrahaH:
भवति एक-स्थले जन्म गन्धः तेषां पृथक् पृथक् ।
bhavati eka-sthale janma gandhaḥ teṣāṃ pṛthak pṛthak ।

उत्पलस्य मृणालस्य मत्स्यस्य कुमुदस्य च ॥
utpalasya mṛṇālasya matsyasya kumudasya ca ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
bhavatyekasthale janma gandhasteShaaM pRuthak pRuthak ।
utpalasya mRuNaalasya matsyasya kumudasya cha ॥
- subhaaShitaratnabhaaNDaagaara

bhavati eka-sthale janma gandhaH teShaaM pRuthak pRuthak ।

utpalasya mRuNaalasya matsyasya kumudasya cha ॥

June 14th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
पुत्राश्च विविधैः शीलैः नियोज्याः सततं बुधैः ।
नीतिज्ञाः शीलसम्पन्नाः भवन्ति कुलपूजिताः ॥
- चाणक्य नीति

Transliteration:
putrāśca vividhaiḥ śīlaiḥ niyojyāḥ satataṃ budhaiḥ ।
nītijñāḥ śīlasampannāḥ bhavanti kulapūjitāḥ ॥
- cāṇakya nīti

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Intelligent people always equip children with a variety of integrities. Those endowed with character and moral integrity come to be worshiped in the family/community.

Commentary:

The newest toys in the store, the latest gadgets in the market—are these really the things we need to equip children with?! Watching television all day, and playing video games in between—this is becoming the trend of life, and children are losing out on personal interactions, people skills, and more essentially, moral values!

The verse says smart people know that the only paraphernalia they need to arm their children with is—integrity. A sound moral ground provides a variety of integrities—being honest, working hard, compassion, patience..., and the list goes on! Children with such a cornerstone, become individuals with solid character. It is they who have a strong moral stance and a pronounced character who come to be respected in society. Knowing this chain of links, intelligent parents take those first steps, right from the start.

If children are trained from their younger days to respect and value the people around them, they will be much better people later in life.  An abundance of material comforts one owns does not conduce moral growth in any way.

Children will not remember you for the material things you gave them.  However, they will remember and cherish the morals and values you equipped them with, helping them to embrace life with confidence and respect.

pada vigrahaH:
पुत्राः च विविधैः शीलैः नियोज्याः सततं बुधैः ।
putrāḥ ca vividhaiḥ śīlaiḥ niyojyāḥ satataṃ budhaiḥ ।

नीतिज्ञाः शील-सम्पन्नाः भवन्ति कुल-पूजिताः ॥
nītijñāḥ śīla-sampannāḥ bhavanti kula-pūjitāḥ ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
putraashcha vividhaiH shIlaiH niyojyaaH satataM budhaiH ।
nItij~naaH shIlasampannaaH bhavanti kulapUjitaaH ॥
- chaaNakya nIti

putraaH cha vividhaiH shIlaiH niyojyaaH satataM budhaiH ।

nItij~naaH shIla-sampannaaH bhavanti kula-pUjitaaH ॥

June 3rd

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
लालनाद्बहवो दोषाः ताडनाद्बहवो गुणाः ।
तस्मात्पुत्रञ्च शिष्यञ्च ताडयेन्न तु लालयेत् ॥
- चाणक्य नीति


Transliteration:
lālanādbahavo doṣāḥ tāḍanādbahavo guṇāḥ ।
tasmātputrañca śiṣyañca tāḍayenna tu lālayet ॥
- cāṇakya nīti

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Indulgence has many deficiencies, (and) disciplining has many efficiencies. Hence, discipline children and students.  Do not indulge them.

(Although 'tāḍana' literally means 'spanking', it can be taken as 'discipline'.  The purpose of spanking in the earlier days was to discipline.)

Commentary:

Children do not have precise ideas of what is good and what is not. Many times, they do not have the vision to see tomorrow's repercussions due to today's choices. Sometimes, they just want to test the limits. These happen for obvious reasons—they are children, and they lack the experience and knowledge required to make their decisions. Most often, it is also seen that they do not have the firmness of mind to stick to their choice either. They suddenly want something else just because they changed their mind!

If parents or teachers indulge every single fancy request of the child, there will be no end to it. The child may also never learn the true value of the possessions he has. He will learn to take the things and people for granted. He will not be able to connect bad outcomes to the bad choices he made! His judgment will get clouded and he will be entrapped in a vicious cycle of failure as he grows up.

In this case, what good is achieved by entertaining the whims and fancies of the child?! There are more qualms than qualities in such an upbringing!

Instead, if the child is guided through his choices and the pros/cons of his actions, he will make better choices later in life. In doing so, sometimes, the adults may have to hold their stance and discipline the children firmly. 

The children will still try to test their limits. It may be easier for the parents, at that moment, to yield and indulge the child. But then, in the long run, children learn to become persuasive until get their way. They will not learn discipline, which is very essential. 

The problem is, if one doesn't discipline himself, the world will do it for him! Isn't it less painful to learn this at a younger age at home than going through hardships later in life?!

Teach children 'discipline' by disciplining them. Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments. Equip your children and students with this one essential skill!

pada vigrahaH:

लालनात् बहवः दोषाः ताडनात् बहवः गुणाः ।
lālanāt bahavaḥ doṣāḥ tāḍanāt bahavaḥ guṇāḥ ।

तस्मात् पुत्रं च शिष्यं च ताडयेत् न तु लालयेत् ॥
tasmāt putraṃ ca śiṣyaṃ ca tāḍayet na tu lālayet ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
laalanaadbahavo doShaaH taaDanaadbahavo guNaaH ।
tasmaatputra~ncha shiShya~ncha taaDayenna tu laalayet ॥
- chaaNakya nIti

laalanaat bahavaH doShaaH taaDanaat bahavaH guNaaH ।

tasmaat putraM cha shiShyaM cha taaDayet na tu laalayet ॥

May 15th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
यन्मातापितरौ वृत्तं तनये कुरुतः सदा ।
न सुप्रतिकारं तत्तु मात्रा पित्रा च यत्कृतम् ॥
- रामायण, अयोध्याकाण्ड

Transliteration:
yanmātāpitarau vṛttaṃ tanaye kurutaḥ sadā ।
na supratikāraṃ tattu mātrā pitrā ca yatkṛtam ॥
- rāmāyaṇa, ayodhyākāṇḍa

Meaning of the subhAShita:

The deeds (that are) constantly done by mother and father for their children... there is no requital for those actions performed by the parents.

Commentary:

Parents work tirelessly for the welfare of their children. From the moment they become aware of their status as parents-to-be, they constantly think of nothing else but the well-being of their child/children and work tirelessly in their own ways to make the child as good an individual as possible. Every parent wants their children to be better than themself. In fact, they rejoice when their offspring surpasses them in their achievements (पुत्रादिच्छेत् पराजयम्, putrādicchet parājayam—parents desire to be surpassed by their children).

No amount of wealth or money can outweigh the parents' dedication to their children. There is nothing in this world that one can give to his parents to offset their efforts! The one meager effort he can make is: that he can try and emulate all the values his parents tried to imbibe in him. Parents are happiest when their children live worthy lives!

Like they say, to understand a parent's love, one must raise children himself. Then it becomes evident to him that—there is no retribution to it!

pada vigrahaH:
यत् माता-पितरौ वृत्तं तनये कुरुतः सदा ।
yat mātā-pitarau vṛttaṃ tanaye kurutaḥ sadā ।

न सुप्रतिकारं तत् तु मात्रा पित्रा च यत् कृतम् ॥
na supratikāraṃ tat tu mātrā pitrā ca yat kṛtam ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
yanmaataapitarau vRuttaM tanaye kurutaH sadaa ।
na supratikaaraM tattu maatraa pitraa cha yatkRutam ॥
- raamaayaNa, ayodhyaakaaNDa

yat maataa-pitarau vRuttaM tanaye kurutaH sadaa ।

na supratikaaraM tat tu maatraa pitraa cha yat kRutam ॥

May 6th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
दीपो भक्षयते ध्वान्तं कज्जलञ्च प्रसूयते ।
यदन्नं भक्षयेन्नित्यं जायते तादृशी प्रजाः ॥
- चाणक्य नीति

Transliteration:
dīpo bhakṣayate dhvāntaṃ kajjalañca prasūyate ।
yadannaṃ bhakṣayennityaṃ jāyate tādṛśī prajāḥ ॥
- cāṇakya nīti

Meaning of the subhAShita:

A lamp devours darkness and emits (dark) soot. (Similarly), whatever food is consumed regularly, such a progeny is born.

Commentary:

When a lamp is lit to eradicate darkness, it will certainly light up the place. However, it also gives out dark black soot, as if an indication of the darkness it consumed. This metaphor is used to illustrate that just as one's food habits are, such will be the offspring born. The food one consumes regularly has a lot to say about his attitudes and tendencies. One's food habits dictate the temperament of not just himself, but his offspring as well!

It is said in the Vedas, 'अन्नात् पुरुषः' (annāt puruṣaḥ) which means that the potential energy in the food transforms into living energy in the being.  This is said in the Vedas again and again, 'अन्नाद्वै प्राणः' (annādvai prāṇaḥ).  Because of food, the vital energies and bodily functions shall remain!  When such is the case, it means—what one eats is directly what one is!!  It is not an indirect relationship.  

One's temperament and even predicaments are all influenced by the food he consumes.  When one's attributes are in a certain way, when he has children, they will be the very reflection of him.  How can it be otherwise?!!

Be mindful of your habits. Treat food as medicine. 

As you sow, so shall you reap.  As you eat, so is your progeny.

pada vigrahaH:
दीपः भक्षयते ध्वान्तं कज्जलं च प्रसूयते ।
dīpaḥ bhakṣayate dhvāntaṃ kajjalaṃ ca prasūyate ।

यत् अन्नं भक्षयेत् नित्यं जायते तादृशी प्रजाः ॥
yat annaṃ bhakṣayet nityaṃ jāyate tādṛśī prajāḥ ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
deepo bhakShayate dhvaantaM kajjala~ncha prasUyate ।
yadannaM bhakShayennityaM jaayate taadRushI prajaaH ॥
- chaaNakya nIti

deepaH bhakShayate dhvaantaM kajjalaM cha prasUyate ।

yat annaM bhakShayet nityaM jaayate taadRushI prajaaH ॥

May 1st

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
बालादपि ग्रहीतव्यं युक्तमुक्तं मनीषिभिः ।
रवेरविषये किं न प्रदीपस्य प्रकाशनम् ॥
- हितोपदेश, सुहृद्भेद

Transliteration:
bālādapi grahītavyaṃ yuktamuktaṃ manīṣibhiḥ ।
raveraviṣaye kiṃ na pradīpasya prakāśanam ॥
- hitopadeśa, suhṛdbheda

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Sensible words, if coming even from a child, should be received by mankind. Doesn't a lamp illuminate where the sun cannot?!

Commentary:

The sun might be the biggest source of light for the planet. But, there are places that even He cannot reach. Think about the deepest valleys, the darkest caves, or the thickest forests. These places might have never seen the faintest ray of sunlight. However, when a small lamp is taken there, it lights up the whole place! For such a place, a lamp is much more appropriate than the big bright sun.  How about at night?  The sun can't reach at night to light up the room, but a little lamp can!

The same is the case with wise words, which sometimes come from the mouth of a child, and are worth a million. Children speak with no malice and have the purest of hearts. Life is very simple in their terminology. Hence, when adults complicate things, children seem to speak more sensibly! At that time, one should not discount those words just because they came from a child. Wise words from any mouth must be accepted and respected.

Every child is born a genius. They are wise and observant!  Pay attention to their words.

pada vigrahaH:
बालात् अपि ग्रहीतव्यं युक्तम् उक्तं मनीषिभिः ।
bālāt api grahītavyaṃ yuktam uktaṃ manīṣibhiḥ ।

रवेः अविषये किं न प्रदीपस्य प्रकाशनम् ॥
raveḥ aviṣaye kiṃ na pradīpasya prakāśanam ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
baalaadapi grahItavyaM yuktamuktaM manIShibhiH ।
raveraviShaye kiM na pradIpasya prakaashanam ॥
- hitopadesha, suhRudbheda

baalaat api grahItavyaM yuktam uktaM manIShibhiH ।

raveH aviShaye kiM na pradIpasya prakaashanam ॥

March 31st

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
माता शत्रुः पिता वैरी येन बालो न पाठितः ।
न शोभते सभामध्ये हंसमध्ये बको यथा ॥
- चाणक्य नीति


Transliteration:
mātā śatruḥ pitā vairī yena bālo na pāṭhitaḥ ।
na śobhate sabhāmadhye haṃsamadhye bako yathā ॥
- cāṇakya nīti

Meaning of the subhAShita:

Mother is an enemy, father is a foe—by whom children are not taught. He (the child) does not shine in a gathering, just as a stork amidst swans.

Commentary:

As parents, the prime duty of a mother and father is to educate their children and equip them with necessary life skills. Parents need to take a very active role in helping their children become good-hearted, responsible adults with deep-rooted values. This is what keeps society strong and surviving. This is the gift parents give to their children and leave to the world. It is alright if they do not make a small fortune to last 3 generations, but they must educate their children. Such children make the world a happier place to live in and will be happy people themselves.

Otherwise, children will not shine in their lives and might even become a bane of society. They will prove to be misfits in their surroundings, just as a limp stork is amidst a group of graceful swans. Swans are known for their grace. A crane is wobbly and limps in comparison to a swan. A crane in the middle of a group of swans would stick out like a sore thumb. Nobody wants to be a sore thumb. While growing up, children do not realize the importance of learning or its applicability. So, it becomes all the more important for parents to teach them all the tricks and trades for leading a successful life. This includes—education, good values, and self-confidence.

Parents who do not do this for their children are as good as their foes because they are contributing to their downfall, just as rivals would.

Adults, equip youngsters with knowledge. 

Youngsters, allow them to!

pada vigrahaH:
माता शत्रुः पिता वैरी येन बालः न पाठितः ।
mātā śatruḥ pitā vairī yena bālaḥ na pāṭhitaḥ ।

न शोभते सभा-मध्ये हंस-मध्ये बको यथा ॥
na śobhate sabhā-madhye haṃsa-madhye bako yathā ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
maataa shatruH pitaa vairI yena baalo na paaThitaH ।
na shobhate sabhaamadhye haMsamadhye bako yathaa ॥
- chaaNakyanIti

maataa shatruH pitaa vairI yena baalaH na paaThitaH ।

na shobhate sabhaa-madhye haMsa-madhye bako yathaa ॥

February 4th

Sanskrit Pearl of the day:
लालयेद्बालकं तावत् यावदत्र विमुग्धता ।
राजा प्रजास्विव प्रीतिं पश्चात् प्रच्छादयेत् पिता ॥
- हरिहरसुभाषित


Transliteration:
lālayedbālakaṃ tāvat yāvadatra vimugdhatā ।
rājā prajāsviva prītiṃ paścāt pracchādayet pitā ॥
- hariharasubhāṣita

Meaning of the subhAShita:

A child should be indulged only so long as he has innocence. After that, parents need to hide their love, like the king does for his subjects.

(Though the verse says 'bālaka' (son) and 'pitā' (father), it is to be understood as 'santāna' (children) and 'pitarau' (parents). Both parents have an equal role in nurturing both genders of children.)

Commentary:

As babies, children are as innocent as they can come. However, as they grow up and see the world around them, they lose their innocence and become little people with their own personalities. For better or worse, it is a part of growing up. There is no escaping that!

We cherish our little ones and indulge them too, because their innocence has that effect. More importantly, at that age, our pampering only nurtures them rather than affects them adversely. But if we want them to grow into good-natured, responsible adults, this type of nurturing cannot be carried on into their growing years. It only hinders their growth and the values they must learn. Their growing years are the right time when morals and values need to be instilled in them. Equipping them with the ability to make ethical choices by themselves is the smartest way to go. Then as adults, they will be confident about making good decisions, and at the same time, they will understand the consequences and repercussions of their choices. This certainly cannot happen by indulging them in all their wants and wishes.

The example given here is a king's love for his subjects. He has his subjects' best interests in mind. He runs his country in such a way that it becomes prosperous, and all his subjects are happy and contented. But it does not mean he will yield to each and every demand proposed by his subjects. He takes only the valid ones and makes the decisions in their favor, whether they like it or not! This should be the same way we raise our children and it is equally important to make them understand the validity of their demands.

When one understands the consequences of his choices, it is hard to make bad ones! Isn't this the one tool we want our children to be equipped with?!

pada vigrahaH:

लालयेत् बालकं तावत् यावत् अत्र विमुग्धता ।
lālayet bālakaṃ tāvat yāvat atra vimugdhatā ।

राजा प्रजासु इव प्रीतिं पश्चात् प्रच्छादयेत् पिता ॥
rājā prajāsu iva prītiṃ paścāt pracchādayet pitā ॥

Alternate Transliteration:
laalayedbaalakaM taavat yaavadatra vimugdhataa ।
raajaa prajaasviva prItiM pashchaat prachChaadayet pitaa ॥
- hariharasubhaaShita

laalayet baalakaM taavat yaavat atra vimugdhataa ।

raajaa prajaasu iva prItiM pashchaat prachChaadayet pitaa ॥